Thank you for questions regarding CMS108v12: Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis and CMS71v13: Anticoagulation Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation or Flutter. Question #1: The diagnosis of each measure can vary depending on the criteria within the logic and how it is stated. For example, a measure with lookback criteria on a diagnosis may refer to "inactive" conditions. Question #2:The measure logic for both CMS 71 and 108 in your example provided is looking for a principle diagnosis code of Stroke ("111297002") that occurs during the qualifying encounter. The qualifying encounter for both measures include global.hospitalizationwithobservation which includes observation or ed services ending 1 hour or less before start of the encounter so a diagnosis occurring during the observation will apply to the criteria. A code with a rank of 1 identifies a principal diagnosis. A principal diagnosis is the primary condition or disease identified by a healthcare provider as the main reason for a patient's encounter or hospitalization. So, a principal diagnosis would not be an inactive condition.