​Thank you for your questions on CMS71 (eSTK-3), Anticoagulation Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter. Yes, a history of Afib, documented on a previous visit, is considered applicable to the visit in the scenario you described. eSTK-3 logic checks whether the Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter diagnosis prevalence period start time occurred on or before the Ischemic Stroke relevant period. There is no time limit on the Afib/flutter diagnosis in eSTK-3. Clinically speaking, once patients have Afib/flutter(AF) they are always at risk. The nature of the arrhythmia is that it comes and goes, i.e., “paroxysmal”. It can also be persistent/permanent. We do not know if patients are at greater risk for short runs of AF (<30 sec) or longer. Even with patients that have ablation procedures, it is not uncommon for AF to return. Some of ways that patients may be excluded from eSTK-3 are listed below: - Inpatient hospitalizations for patients admitted for elective carotid intervention are not included in this measure. This exclusion is implicitly modeled by only including non-elective hospitalizations. - Patients with a documented reason for not prescribing anticoagulation therapy at discharge including “Medical Reason” or “Patient Refusal”.