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TermDefinitionSource
CDA StandardThe HL7 Version 3 Clinical Document Architecture (CDA®) is a document markup standard that specifies the structure and semantics of "clinical documents" for the purpose of exchange between healthcare providers and patients. It defines a clinical document as having the following six characteristics: 1) Persistence, 2) Stewardship, 3) Potential for authentication, 4) Context, 5) Wholeness and 6) Human readability.

A CDA can contain any type of clinical content -- typical CDA documents would be a Discharge Summary, Imaging Report, Admission & Physical, Pathology Report and more. The most popular use is for inter-enterprise information exchange, such as is envisioned for a US Health Information Exchange (HIE).
CDA Release 2 Description
CustodianResponsible for maintaining the record/care planHL7 Care Plan Definition
Data ProvenanceThe term “data provenance” in the context of Health IT refers to evidence and attributes describing the origin of health information as it is captured in a health system. 

Data Provenance Charter

EHRAn electronic health record (EHR) is a digital version of a patient’s paper chart. EHRs are real-time, patient-centered records that make information available instantly and securely to authorized users.HealthIT.gov
Health ITHealth IT, shorthand for “health information technology,” is a broad concept that encompasses an array of technologies. Health IT is the use of computer hardware, software, or infrastructure to record, store, protect, and retrieve clinical, administrative, or financial information.HealthIT.gov
HIEHealth Information Exchange 
Life Cycle
(Record Entry)
Lifecycle occurs over time and at one or more Events during the Entry Lifespan, starting with the Entry creation/origination Event and ending with the Entry destruction/erasure Event. Intervening Lifecycle Events may include Entry amendment, attestation, access/view, translation, disclosure/transmission, de-identification, encryption, archival.ISO/HL7 10781 EHR System Functional Model Release 2
Life Span
(Record Entry)
Lifespan is the period starting when the Entry (instance) is created/originated and ending when that Entry (instance) is destroyed/permanently erased - typically after a retention period specified according to scope of practice, organizational policy and/or jurisdictional law.ISO/HL7 10781 EHR System Functional Model Release 2
PHRPersonal Health Record 
W3CWorld Wide Web Consortium